Processing of ferroelectric and related materials: a review

A synopsis of recent, ongoing, and future evolutionary developments pertaining to the fabrication and processing of ferroelectric materials is presented, with an emphasis on polycrystalline ceramics. The review is based on literature over the last dozen years and responses to a worldwide questionnaire. This addressed issues such as chemical synthesis methods vs. conventional processes and anticipated future developments in processing and their impact on new applications, if any. The participants were scientists and engineers involved in research and development of ferroelectrics and related materials. The primary conclusion of this survey was that evolutionary advancements in the processing of ferroelectric ceramics will continue to impact commercial production over the next ten years. Recent improvements in processing methods for conventional powders will extend the performance of ferroelectric ceramics. Without revolutionary advances, the primary focus of development will be on reducing the cost of advanced powder synthesis methods