Ion sensitive field effect transistor for applications in bioelectronic sensors: A research review

During recent decades increasing interest has been shown in the development of bioelectronic sensors based on ion sensitive field effect transistors (ISFETs). Many ISFET-based pH sensors have been commercialized and attempts have also been made to commercialize ISFET based bioelectronic sensors for applications in the fields of medical, environmental, food safety, military and biotechnology areas. The growing interest for development of these sensors is due to the fact that they are manufactured by means of semiconductor technology which has already entered into multifunctional “More than Moore” regime that is increasingly multidisciplinary in nature. Technology involved has, therefore, innovative potential that may result in the appearance of new sensor and device technologies in future. The basic theoretical principles of ISFET usage in bioanalytical practice, the operation principle of ISFET, its modeling and a brief introduction of ISFET technology are considered in this review.