HF Stimulated Electromagnetic Emissions and radar observations of ionospheric heating from HAARP

High power radio waves excite electrostatic waves in the ionosphere. Electrostatic waves can be detected either by mode conversion into Stimulated Electromagnetic Emission (SEE) or scatter of radar signals. We present the results of SEE observations conducted through high-power HF heating experiments at the High-Frequency Active Auroral Research Program. Multiple receiving instruments have been used to observe many low frequency electrostatic modes from a high power electromagnetic pump. These modes are not well characterized. Our ionospheric heating experiments are attempts to understand the process by which an electromagnetic pump wave is converted into high and low-frequency modes.