On whistler-mode wave scattering on small scale density irregularities

This work deals with the problem of whistler exit to the ground. After propagation in the magnetosphere in non-ducted mode, whistler waves become quasi-electrostatic and should experience lower hybrid resonance reflection. To explain wave exit to the ground, we follow up the idea of wave scattering on small scale irregularities in the upper ionosphere. Interaction with this irregularities excites harmonics inside the penetration cone. Using Green function method, we derive an integral equation for the wave field containing all modes possible for given frequency, solve this equation in Born approximation, and obtain an expression for energy attenuation due to scattering.