Three Frames for Studying Users in Virtual Environments: Case of Simulated Mobile Machines

Virtual Environment (VE) offers an effective way to study virtual prototypes, also from a user-centered perspective. This paper focuses on theoretical models which can be used in studying the VE user. We present three alternatives frames in which the focus varies. The first one is the traditional frame in VE studies, i.e. the concept of presence. It focuses on the technological components needed for providing the VE user with the feeling of acting with a real product. The second frame focuses on the work task by using an extended version of the activity theory. The third frame focuses on the individual user and her/his behavior and feelings when acting with the (virtual) product. The third frame is based on the studies of user experience (UX) especially on those focusing on users´ emotions. We outline the alternative frames by simulating control cabins of a mobile machine.