A four-stage Depressed Collector biasing voltages study using the XMGUN code

The use of Multi-stage Depressed Collectors (MDC) is very important to improve the overall efficiency in Traveling-Wave Tubes (TWTs) devices. As an important aspect concerning the MDC design is to minimize the electron backstreaming. In this work, using the XMGUN code, a fourstage depressed collector electrodes biased to 12.0 kV, 9.0 kV, 6.0 kV and 3.0 kV, respectively, and a total of 30 keV, 264 primary particles and secondary emissions were simulated and theirs paths observed. Under these conditions, it is investigated the effects of a ±5% electrode biasing voltage variation on the current absorbed by each element. A total of 256 simulations were carried out and some relevant results are presented.