Transmission line modelling by ladder networks

The modelling of a transmission line has been considered by the use of passive networks. From the electrical point of view, a ladder network (a repetition of infinite elementary cells of equal type) is proved to be a first-order approximation of the line. Two different approaches have been followed: the first one utilizes the determined voltages in the network, the second one the recursive equations of the line. Among the ladder networks, the “half-T” type, one of the most commonly used, is proved to be a good model for the line simulation only in the case of loading impedance equal to the “characteristic” one