Design and analysis of a non linear, low confinement loss Photonic Crystal Fiber with Liquid Crystal and air filled holes

Design and analysis of a Nonlinear Photonic Crystal Fiber having low confinement loss, low birefringence and low effective mode area has been presented using COMSOL Multiphysics software. The suggested design has a central hole filled with Nematic Liquid Crystal (NLC) surrounded by air holes and a Perfectly Matched Layer (PML). Results show that by using circular holes of small diameter and materials with considerable refractive index difference, the nonlinearity and confinement increases, but the effective area and birefringence properties of the fiber decreases.