Effects of GSM antennas in urban cities

The emerging risks of electromagnetic fields have lead researchers to study thoroughly their biological effects on human beings. One of the main systems that concern the public is GSM systems and specifically in urban areas. Typically, GSM antennas in micro cells are placed throughout these areas to cover different sites in each city. Since, nowadays, the demands on such systems are increasing greatly; the risks are also growing accordingly. In this paper, three urban areas were chosen in Tripoli-Lebanon in which the power density is measured in the surroundings of GSM towers. Indoor and outdoor places were taken into consideration. Results are demonstrated in the form of comparative tables. These tables used Salzburg´s precautionary model as a reference to compare with the measurements obtained. Finally, many assessments and estimations were selected in order to delimit danger zones in each of the specified areas. Various solutions for the reduction of the electromagnetic impact have been suggested in this paper.