Generalized method for broadband measurement of extreme impedances

This paper describes generalization of a method for extreme impedances measurement published. The transmission coefficient measured by a vector network analyzer (VNA) results from summation or difference between reflection coefficients of a reference and measured impedance. The resulting signal is then amplified by an amplifier in order to gain very high resolution of impedances. Two types of wideband passive 4-port network solutions were designed and tested. With current components frequency band 0.7-10 GHz was achieved.