Applications of Impedance Transformation Property for Analysis and Measurements of Microwave Networks with Variable Elements

This paper describes the methods of analysis and measurements of microwave networks employing variable elements without the knowledge of the equivalent circuits or elements of the network matrix. Described methods are the consequence of the general theorem about the impedance change factor properties. Applications of this factor for measuring: the cutoff frequency of varactor and PIN diodes, the efficiency of the two port loaded with known variable impedance, and losses of the phase modulators are presented. Measurement results of the varactor linear phase modulator losses are given