An Energy Efficient Directed Diffusion Model for Wireless Sensor Networks

Directed Diffusion (DD) of Wireless Sensor Networks is a flat routing model, in which the periodical diffusion of exploratory data adopts flooding diffusion. This strategy will inevitably bring about heavy traffic load and affect seriously transmission performance of network. Based on this flaw, an improved ant colony algorithm is presented and applied to DD, called IACA-DD. The foundation of gradients is based on pheromone of ants and remnant energy of nodes in IACA-DD, which could balance the energy consumption of networks. The experimental evaluation proves the feasibility of IACA-DD, and the simulation results indicate that IACA-DD could efficiently trade off the energy consumption of networks and prolong the survivability of networks.