Performance analysis of direct sequence spread spectrum system with transmitted code reference

The performance of a direct-sequence spread-spectrum system with a transmitted code reference and multiplicative despreading in the receiver is addressed. System bit error-rate (BER) performance when the desired signal is imbedded in additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) is analyzed. Analytical expressions are derived, and numerical results are used to compare the system performance to standard direct-sequence spread-spectrum with a correlation receiver. The following conclusions are drawn from the analysis: (1) The bit error probability of the transmitted reference system in AWGN is much worse than that of a standard system. (2) The transmitted reference spread spectrum system does not require the use of code synchronization circuitry, but the cost of this lower complexity is reduced performance