Dynamic operation of BSs in green wireless cellular networks powered by the smart grid

There is great interest in considering the energy efficiency aspect of wireless cellular networks. When a wireless cellular network is powered by the smart grid, only considering energy efficiency in the cellular network is not enough. In this paper, we consider not only energy-efficient communications but also the dynamics of the smart grid in operating green wireless cellular networks. We formulate the system as a two-level Stackelberg game. A backward induction method is used to analyze the proposed scheme. we prove that the Stackelberg equilibrium (SE) of the proposed game exists and is unique. An iteration algorithm is proposed to obtain the SE. Simulation results show that the smart grid has a significant impact on green wireless cellular networks, and our proposed scheme can significantly reduce operational expenditure and CO₂ emissions in green wireless cellular networks.