Angle-driven model of throwing activity

Biomechanical model of the human body can be used as an important tool in understanding the functional principles of human movement and joint coordination. Therefore, this paper presents the development of a two-dimensional angle driven simulation model of throwing activity using the inverse dynamics modeling system, where the motion, gravitational and external forces are used as input to allow computation of muscle forces and joint reactions. This paper considers the throwing activity of the dominant arm. Kane´s method has been used to formulate the equations of motion which describes the upper limbs kinematics. There are three intersegment link involved that consists of scapula, lateral arm and forearm. Forearm and hand have been modeled as one rigid segment since wrist flexion was not a main contributor to the ball velocity at release during overarm throwing. By considering all the kinetics involved during throwing activity, this model able to calculate the value of torque at shoulder joint.