Optimal power flow of VSC-based multi-terminal DC networks using genetic algorithm optimization

Europe is rapidly expanding its offshore wind energy capacity. Hence, the construction of a multi-terminal dc (MTDC) infrastructure to accommodate the generated electrical energy brings several advantages, but also comes with many challenges. Operation and control of a MTDC network is one of these challenges. This paper explains the operation and control of MTDC networks. Moreover, a study is carried on how to optimally operate and control an offshore VSC-based MTDC network. It focus on the development plans for an offshore transnational grid in the North Sea. A genetic algorithm (GA) will be employed to obtain an optimal power flow inside the offshore network. The MTDC grid is composed of 19 nodes, interconnecting 9 OWFs to 5 European countries. The optimal power flow results obtained from the genetic algorithm are tested in a simulation model for three case studies.