Author_Institution :
Hewlett-Packard Co., Cupertino, CA, USA
Abstract :
We propose a public key watermarking algorithm for image integrity verification. This watermark is capable of detecting any change made to an image, including changes in pixel values and image size. This watermark is important for several imaging applications, including trusted camera, legal usage of images, medical archiving of images, news reporting, commercial image transaction, and others. In each of these applications, it is important to verify that the image has not been manipulated and that the image was originated by either a specific camera or a specific user. The verification (the watermark extraction) procedure uses a public key as in public key cryptography, and hence it can be performed by any person without the secure exchange of a secret key. This is very important in many applications (e.g., trusted camera, news reporting) where the exchange of a secret key is either not possible or undesirable
Keywords :
feature extraction; image coding; message authentication; public key cryptography; digital watermarking; image authentication; image changes detection; image integrity verification; image size; imaging applications; medical image archiving; news reporting; pixel values; public key cryptography; public key watermarking algorithm; trusted camera; watermark extraction; Authentication; Biomedical imaging; Cameras; Change detection algorithms; Law; Legal factors; Pixel; Public key; Public key cryptography; Watermarking;
