Recharging of batteries/supercapacitors hybrid source for electric vehicles application using photovoltaic energy in a stand-alone point

The production of electrical energy by photovoltaic systems is highly dependent on weather conditions. Therefore, this energy should be stored during the day and restored during the night. This paper deals with the storage and generation systems using renewable energy sources. A stand-alone combined system with electrochemical batteries and supercapacitors is considered. The power flow among the different storage devices is controlled in order to optimize the energetic efficiency and avoid irregular working conditions. The battery of electric vehicle is charged using PV electricity. The electrical power produced by the PV can be stored in Lead-Acid battery connected with this PV through a converter. Panels, batteries pack and electrical vehicle energy are modeled and sized.