Modeling language for supporting portfolio assessment

Ten years ago, technology standards in e-learning and learning support systems became the center of public attention. Various international standards have been proposed. However, there is no portfolio assessment standard that enables the support of assessment activities. Therefore, a portfolio assessment modeling language (PAML) for supporting a portfolio assessment standard was developed. It is very likely that the modeling language is not only able to describe needed portfolios in portfolio assessment but also facilitate assessment activities using a learning support system.