Notice of RetractionAdsorption of chitosan and interaction with a non-ionic surfactant on silica

Notice of Retraction

After careful and considered review of the content of this paper by a duly constituted expert committee, this paper has been found to be in violation of IEEE´s Publication Principles.

We hereby retract the content of this paper. Reasonable effort should be made to remove all past references to this paper.

The presenting author of this paper has the option to appeal this decision by contacting TPII@ieee.org.

Optical reflectometry is applied as a tool for studying single and simultaneous adsorption of a carbohydrate, a nonionic surfactant, and a protein, For the nonionic surfactant poly(ethylene oxide) alkyl ether on a silica surface the adsorption process is fast and reversible, and the maximum adsorbed amount was 2.45 mg·m^-2. Also, the effect of pH on the adsorption of chitosan on silica, and its interaction with C₁₂EO₅ have been studied. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained for pH ≥ 6.8 (0.80 mg·m^-2). Changes in surface functionality upon adsorbing C₁₂EO₅ on a chitosan layer and the protein, bovine serum albumin, are reported. The results are discussed in terms of adsorption kinetics, adsorbed mass plateau values, and reversibility of layer formation.