The physics of lightning

Summary form only given, as follows. Two of the most intriguing physical phenomena in plasma science for which there is still no agreed even qualitative explanation, are the stepped leader in lightning and ball lightning. Furthermore there is currently significant controversy about different methods of calculation for the optimum placement of lightning rods for the protection of tall buildings. Solution of these problems requires knowledge spanning electron-atom collision phenomena, non-thermal breakdown and thermal plasmas such as occur in arc welding.