Decentralized control of smart grid with fixed and moving loads

Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), as intermittent loads, create frequency disturbance in power system. The system needs to balance the power generation and demand. However, in regional smart grid systems fed by renewable energy sources and moveable loads, the power transfer through tie line interconnections is strongly coupled with system dynamics. This makes the frequency stability and control process very slow. In this paper, an overlapping decomposition technique of large-scale system control is used to decouple the renewable energy penetrated power system regions. A decentralized controller is then designed to maintain the frequency in a short time. Micro-hydro Simulation results demonstrate a fast frequency control process to regulate the system under input power variation from wind turbine and load from PHEVs.