Indirect coordination of electricity demand for balancing wind power

High penetration of wind energy in modern power systems led to an increase in the balancing requirements, especially in load-following and unit commitment time frames, which only further compromised the overall reliability and efficiency of electricity supply. One of the possible solutions to address this critical balancing capacity issue is the application of demand response schemes on regular basis for matching electricity consumption and production. This study examines the existing applications of demand response in the given area and proposes an alternative approach based on a proactive dispatch of large industrial consumers by using indirect coordination. The candidate industries suitable for the implementation of the new demand response scheme are sought for and presented. The usefulness and the performance of the proposed arrangement operating as a regular balancing mechanism have been evaluated and demonstrated in several test-case scenarios by applying simplified Monte Carlo simulations.