DocumentCode :
20434
Title :
A Review of Watt-Level CMOS RF Power Amplifiers
Author :
Johansson, Torbjorn ; Fritzin, Jonas
Author_Institution :
Dept. of Electr. Eng., Linkoping Univ., Linkoping, Sweden
Volume :
62
Issue :
1
fYear :
2014
fDate :
Jan. 2014
Firstpage :
111
Lastpage :
124
Abstract :
This paper reviews the design of watt-level integrated CMOS RF power amplifiers (PAs) and state-of-the-art results in the literature. To reach watt-level output power from a single-chip CMOS PA, two main strategies can be identified: use of high supply voltage and use of matching and power combination. High supply voltage limits are closely related to device design in the fabrication process. However, the maximum operating voltage can be improved by amplifier class selection, circuit solutions, and process modifications or mask changes. High output power can also be reached by the use of on-chip matching and power combination, commonly using on-chip transformers. Reliability often sets the limits for the PA design, and PA degradation mechanisms are reviewed. A compilation of state-of-the-art published results for linear and switched watt-level PAs, as well as a few fully integrated CMOS PAs, is presented and discussed.
Keywords :
CMOS analogue integrated circuits; integrated circuit design; integrated circuit reliability; masks; radiofrequency integrated circuits; radiofrequency power amplifiers; transformers; PA degradation mechanism; circuit design solution; linear watt-level PA; mask; maximum operating voltage; on-chip matching; on-chip transformer; process modification; reliability; single-chip CMOS PA; switched watt-level PA; watt-level integrated CMOS RF power amplifier; watt-level output power; CMOS integrated circuits; CMOS technology; Linearity; Power generation; Radio frequency; Switches; System-on-chip; CMOS power amplifiers (PAs); integration; system-on-chip (SoC);
fLanguage :
English
Journal_Title :
Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions on
Publisher :
ieee
ISSN :
0018-9480
Type :
jour
DOI :
10.1109/TMTT.2013.2292608
Filename :
6680784
Link To Document :
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