Self-organized critical behavior of fish school and emergence of group intelligence

We have made a simulation model of fish motion to clarify the essential mechanism of fish schooling. Though each fish does not know the behavior of the entire group and there is no leader in the group, they gather and move together, based on the local interaction between fish individuals. By calculating the power spectra of temporal variations of direction and expanse of the school, we show that the school behavior is a type of self-organized critical phenomenon. We are concerned especially with group intelligence of fish schools. In order to investigate what the group intelligence is and how it emerges, using the model we study as a first step response behavior of fish groups induced by attacks of a predator under various situations, because fish groups seem to display their group intelligence to the utmost ability under such a serious situation