Mathematical modeling and performance analysis of battery equalization systems

Battery equalizers are widely used in multi-battery systems to maintain balanced charge among individual battery cells. While research on the hardware realization of battery equalizers has received significant attention, rigorous analysis of battery equalization process from the system´s point of view remains largely unexplored. In this paper, we study two types of battery equalization system structures: series connection-based and module-based. Specifically, we develop mathematical models that describe the system-level behavior of the battery equalization processes under these equalization structures. Then, based on the mathematical models, analytical methods are derived to evaluate the performance of the equalization processes. In addition, we carry out statistical analysis to compare the performance of the two equalization structures considered.