Detection and localization of an anomaly from noisy projections

The problem of detecting an anomaly/target from a limited number of noisy tomographic projections is addressed from the statistical point of view. An unknown 2D (or 3D) scene is composed of an environment, considered as a nuisance parameter, with a possibly hidden anomaly/target. A parametric approach is proposed to reduce the lack of a priori information and two statistical tests are discussed : the first one, invariant, is devoted to simply detect the presence of an unspecified anomaly and the second one is able to simultaneously detect and localize the projection of a size limited anomaly.