Maximization the lifetime of wireless sensor network by minimizing energy hole problem with exponential node distribution and hybrid routing

In wireless sensor network (WSN), there is a problem of energy hole, which means nodes near the sink region will die sooner because these nodes send their own data to sink as well as forward data for other nodes. After energy hole comes, data cannot be transmitted to sink even though energy is still remained in outer region nodes which affects the lifetime of the networks. In this paper we analyze jointly effect of exponential distribution of nodes toward the sink and hybrid routing so that the lifetime of wireless sensor network will be improved. Simulation experiments shows the effectiveness of our approach.