Distributed energy storage system control for optimal adoption of electric vehicles

In recent years, automotive manufactures have introduced plug-in electric vehicles (PEV) into the automotive market. This market is expected to expand rapidly in the near future. Depending on the charging rates and charging times of PEVs, distribution networks can face significant stress. In this paper, distributed energy storage (DES) systems are proposed to improve the flexibility of residential distribution networks to support PEV adoption. Operating these DES systems optimally not only facilities PEV adoption but also reduces operating costs by taking advantage of the real-time energy market to profit from charging and discharging the DES units. This paper presents a Discrete Ascent Optimal Programming algorithm for optimizing energy market participation.