Beyond CMOS and new functions

CMOS limitations have been addressed with regular success over the last decades. Since last years, an important path for overcoming these limitations has been to introduce innovative materials, which literally opened the era of Beyond CMOS. New major innovations are under introduction for complementing traditional CMOS: 3D integration, integrated silicon photonics, …; these will be detailed. Beyond them, alternative materials are being explored for improving the characteristics of transistor channel. Another driver for new functions on CMOS will be biomedical applications; examples of such approaches will be illustrated.