Reciprocity analysis of an infinite array of offset dual-patch antennas

The infinite arrays of probe-fed stacked microstrip patches were investigated in Aberle et al. (1994). It was found that the scan-bandwidth was increased if the dielectric constant of the upper layer was smaller than that of the lower layer according to a certain relationship. Frequency independent matching networks were inserted between the array elements and the feed lines. It is not easy to implement the desired dielectric constant of the upper layer and wideband frequency independent networks are difficult to design. To circumvent the above disadvantages, an infinite array of offset dual-patch microstrip antennas is studied.