Evaluation of responsive load participation in optimal satisfying system security constraints

With liberalizing electricity market, consumers are incurred more electricity price volatilities. Accordingly, they may present parts of their demand as responsive loads (RLs) with the purpose of reducing the prices and providing favorable reliability level for the system. RLs are identified as resources from demand-side which can participate in reliability-triggered events and/or ancillary services by different demand response (DR) programs. In this paper, RLs take part in Emergency Demand Response Programs (EDRPs) during reliability-triggered events while Demand-Side Ancillary Services Programs (DSASPs) are implemented along with spinning and non-spinning reserves from generation-side to satisfy the system security constraints economically. The Reserve procurement from both sides is carried out by risk curve formed for each bus of system base on the credibility and expected consequences of contingencies and also the responding rate of reserve resources in a short-term stochastic security-constrained unit commitment (SCUC) model. The RBTS and IEEE-RTS are considered to illustrate the effects of participating RLs in the joint energy and reserve market.