Model-based estimation of blood pressure response to epinephrine

In this study, we present a model-based approach to estimation of blood pressure (BP) response to epinephrine. The proposed approach estimates systolic (SBP), mean (MAP) and diastolic (DBP) BP based on a 2-parameter windkessel (WK) model with dose-dependent total peripheral resistance (TPR), arterial compliance (AC) and stroke volume (SV) indices that is driven by the epinephrine dose, heart rate (HR). Using the epinephrine dose and hemodynamic response data collected for young/old normotensive and hypertensive subject groups, four group-specific models as well as a generalized model were developed and then were evaluated for BP estimation performance. The results indicated that the group-specific model is superior to its generalized counterpart; on average, the root-mean-squared SBP, MAP and DBP estimation errors associated with the group-specific model were only 34%, 52% and 69%, respectively, compared with the generalized model.