Fabrication of Cu nanoparticles by high-intensity femtosecond laser irradiation of solution

In this study, we fabricate Cu nanoparticles by high-intensity laser irradiation using tetraammine copper (II) ions as precursors. Complex ion solution was prepared by dissolving the copper (II) sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO₄-5H₂O) in 1.0 wt% NH₃ solution with the concentration of 0.05 wt%. 2-propanol ((CH₃)₂CHOH) was added to the solution as a scavenger of hydroxyl radical (OH-) to promote the reduction process.