Interacting with paper: coordinate systems as tools to link paper with mobile phones

This study presented a methodology in which the paper and a mobile phone can complement each other to facilitate ubiquitous learning support. Students, teachers and experts forming a learning community could support with each other as well as exchange their opinions ubiquitously through the links of interactions among paper and mobile phones. We conducted an experiment to evaluate the reading preference as well as effect on learning performance and interviews to explore the interaction among them. Experiment results and interviews showed students preferred reading large text on the paper while browsing recommendation messages or summaries on mobile phones with the help of the paper interface. In addition, these manners of interactions could provide more opportunities for learning support and could have a positive effect on learning performance.