Determination of sea surface emissivity and thermal skin layer depth using infrared interferometry

Sea surface spectral emissivity and the depth of the thermal skin boundary layer were determined using high spectral resolution measurements of the sea surface and the atmosphere from field measurements from the Marine-Atmosphere Emitted Radiance Interferometer. In order to determine the sea surface emissivity, the effective incidence angle was found by minimizing the variance in the brightness temperature spectrum retrieved from the corrected upwelling radiance spectrum. Certain wavelength regions have different absorption characteristics, allowing the temperature at different levels to be retrieved from different spectral regions. In this way, the temperature gradient of the thermal boundary layer was determined. The depth of the skin layer was then calculated by determining the depth at which the thermometrically measured bulk temperature intersects this gradient. At low wind speeds, the skin layer can be up to 0.2 mm deep, getting shallower with increased wind speed and becoming very shallow (0.01-0.07 mm) above wind speeds of 8 m s^-1. These results are encouraging for application of this method to determine air-sea heat and gas fluxes in the field