Discovering Abiotic Interactions between Bird Habitat and Water Quality through Ubiquitous Computing

Conventional water quality monitoring and bird species observation were recorded using pen and paper. Moreover, experiments can usually only be conducted in limited areas due to the high cost of the water monitoring equipment. Consequently, not enough data could be collected to find the a biotic interactions between water quality factors and bird habitat. To resolve this problem, the proposed smart phone based system can transmit the water quality measurements and observed quantity of each bird species to the back-end server via a 3G network. This server functions as a ubiquitous information center where all measured and observed data are stored. Fuzzy C-means is applied to cluster water quality factors and bird species. The clustering results of bird quantity are then used to calculate the Simpson´s diversity indices. Based on the results from the water quality factors and biodiversity index pattern trees (PTs) are constructed to find the a biotic interactions between them. The PTs can be further transformed into IF-THEN rules to provide references for researchers to conduct environmental protection. Experimental results are given to verify the applicability of the proposed system in finding the a biotic interactions.