Traffic operations and technology within tunnels

In the road transport environment, a tunnel is arguably the most hazardous environment to be found. Its enclosed nature often exacerbates incidents, which if they occurred on an open road would be far less serious and easier to manage. Attention is normally focussed on traditional Mechanical and Electrical (M&E) systems such as fire suppression systems, ventilation systems and those technologies that directly deal with the incident itself and containment of that incident, be it a fire, chemical spill or events of a similar nature. This report focuses on the traffic technologies and the systems used in detecting and managing the people involved in such incidents.