Conceptual Design and Cost Estimate for a Stand-Alone Residential Photovoltaic System

Interest in photovoltaic systems, both large and small scale applications, has been growing since the renewable portfolio standard in the US was enacted as Law. This paper provides state-of-the-art information on photovoltaic energy applications, various types of PV collector systems, and how to size the stand-alone PV system in a hybrid design. In addition, this paper provides the cost comparison of various PV system designs.