Experimental validation of mathematical models of storage systems for smart grids

The traditional electrical grid is evolving towards a Smart grid, in order to mainly guarantee: 1) efficiency enhancement by maximizing asset utilization; 2) integration of renewable resources including solar and wind at levels from consumer premises to centralized plants to advance global energy sustainability; 3) integration of all types of energy storage and other resources such as plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) to counter the variability of renewable resources and demand. With the integration of energy storage systems into the smart grids, their accurate modeling becomes a necessity, in order to gain a robust real-time control on the network, from a point of view of stability and energy stock forecasting. Battery storage appears to be most promising due to improvements in technology as well as economies of scale. Therefore, in this paper a modified Shepherd model to represent electrochemical battery behavior is presented. The model parameters are identified through the use of experimental static discharge curves of the battery. Experimental results relating the characterization of three types of batteries are shown. The identified models are validated in dynamic conditions.