Simulation of close-in and stand-off mine detection

A simple model for normal incident angle and close-in detection was developed and presented at the SPIE conference in 1996. Complex models that include normal and oblique incident angles and stand-off detection are included in this paper. The models and algorithms are based on electromagnetic and radar equations. Electromagnetic equations determining transmission and reflection coefficients, attenuation factors, and wave numbers, as well as radar equations involving power and radar cross-section are used in the simulation. Variables included in the models are operating frequencies, three and four boundary models, two detection techniques, four mine types, different environments, and four incident angles