Localization of target tracking and navigation by correcting atmospheric effects

For any type of target tracking and navigation, the localization is critical for tracking/navigation missions. The real-time localization error correction for the atmospheric refraction can be achieved through the ray bending compensation by the refractivity profiles or ray-tracing. Ray-tracing can be computed through the real-time weather data (surface temperature, pressure, and relative humidity or dewpoint) from daily/hourly, local meteorology, or global climatology data. Operational results of this new technique Indicate that the time difference of arrival (TDOA) of radio-waves vary dynamically in hours, days, months, seasons and geographically. Errors for the low elevation angles less than 10 degrees are much higher than expected for higher frequencies above 300 MHz, and it should be calibrated or corrected in tactical operation and strategic system implementation. The localization of tracking and navigation mission can be achieved within a couple of hundred meters if the integrity of measured tactical data is well within the confidence boundary