Bifacial n-type cells with >20% front-side efficiency for industrial production

We present our progress in the development of monocrystalline n-type cell for industrial manufacturing. Our cell uses a homogeneous boron front-side emitter and a phosphorous back-surface field, which are contacted with screen-printed grids on both sides of the cell. Our current process allows the stable manufacturing of 156 × 156 mm² cells with a front-side efficiency of around 20% on industrial equipment. Besides the inherent immunity to light induced degradation of the n-type substrate, this cell type offers the opportunity to significantly enhance the energy yield by the employment of a bifacial module technology. First field tests indicate the potential of more than 10% additional current gain, challenging the energy yield ofmore complex monofacial cells of even higher efficiency.