How East Asian Monsoon responds to solar forcing at multiple time scales during the Holocene with EMD method

The forcing of variability in East Asian Monsoon (EAM) at millennial- to decadal-scale is always on debates. In this paper, we will decomposed the ´ ¹⁸O (East Asian Monsoon record) and ¹⁴C (solar activities record) time series into variations at different time scales with EMD method to reveal how EAM responds to the solar forcing at different time scales. The results show that: 1) The variability of EAM is mainly forced by solar activities at millennial- to decadal-scale; 2) The responses of EAM to solar changes may change at different time scales such as delayed or synchronous responses; 3) Weak EAM events are, in great part, ascribed to solar activities and less influenced by North Atlantic drifting ices.