Volumetric ring array for uniform global coverage in satellite applications

This paper presents a synthesis of a volumetric ring array for satellite applications. This synthesis regards the spacing among the rings on the planes X-Y and the positions of the rings on the plane X-Z. The well-known method of the particle swarm optimization is utilized for this optimization problem. The obtained results shows the proper performance of this new geometry to provide a uniform global coverage to be applied in satellite applications with a maximum reduction of the antenna hardware as well as the side lobe level reduction. This design reduced the antenna hardware even more that the results presented previously in the literature.