Computational Techniques for Transient Electromagnetic Fields

Transient fields can be determined efficiently by introducing a fixed spatial approximation in the relevant integral or differential equations, and carrying out a temporal Fourier or Laplace transformation. For stratified media, this leads to a contrast-source integral equation for the spectral constituents, which can be solved recursively. For general configurations, the conjugate-gradient iterative scheme is combined with a special extrapolation procedure.