Bandwidth Enhancement of Microstrip Patch Antennas by Implementing Circular Unit Cells in Circular Pattern

The micro strip patch antenna is the most preferred for low cost and compact design. The proposed antenna design is simulated using FR-4 substrate with dielectric constant of 4.54 and thickness of 1.60mm on electromagnetic (EM) simulation software. The antenna designed has a compact structure with a total size of 60x60mm square. The bandwidth of micro strip patch antenna is enhanced by replacing a conducting ground plane by a high impedance EBG layer. The circular unit cells are placed in a circular pattern and it is found that on increasing the radius of each circular EBG cell, the bandwidth is increased. It is also observed that on increasing the radii of vias, there is a slight decrement in the bandwidth of micro strip patch antennas. The bandwidth of micro strip patch antenna is increased from 13.41% to 18.68% when radius of EBG patches is increased from 2.5mm to 3.5mm which is much wider than the bandwidth of conventional antenna that is calculated to be 4.28%. The simulated results of the integrated antenna for wireless applications shows the good agreement with the proposed scheme.