The new definition of effective emissivity of non-isothermal rough surface and its approximate expression for continuous canopy vegetation

In order to determine surface temperature at large scale from space, a new definition of effective emissivity has been proposed for the whole pixel area for heterogeneous and non-isothermal surfaces. This new effective emissivity depends on the structure of the whole pixel, the optical features of components in the pixel. In order to further illustrate the new effective emissivity, the continuous canopy vegetation is taken as an example, its approximate expression of effective emissivity has been studied by the aid of the Monte Carlo algorithm.