Beam breakup with longitudinal halo

An analytical model has been developed for cumulative beam breakup in linear accelerators that predicts the displacement of particles between bunches. Beam breakup is assumed to be caused by a periodic current consisting of an infinite bunch train. The particles in the halo do not contribute to the breakup but experience the deflecting fields and are displaced by them. Under certain circumstances, the displacement of particles in the halo can be considerably larger than that of the bunches. This may have important consequences for the design of high-current CW accelerators where even a small flux of particles striking components of the accelerator cannot be tolerated because of activation.<>