In-circuit impedance measurement based on a two-probe approach

Most impedance measurement instruments usually measure the impedance of a component or device under no-load condition. Therefore, any non-linear behaviour and other on-board circuit components or parasitic are not detected or taken into consideration. Based on a novel two-probe measurement technique, the impedance of any in-circuit component can be measured with ease. Using the resistor characterization as a preliminary study, the proposed technique is able to accurately determine the impedance of the in-circuit resistor at the intended operating condition up to 1 GHz.